C++

C++ is a high-performance, general-purpose programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as an extension to the C language. Known for its flexibility, efficiency, and low-level control over system resources and memory. C++ is widely used in many different domains, including operating systems, game development, embedded systems, finance, and scientific computing, due to its performance, portability, and ability to handle complex projects. Its object-oriented features and rich standard library make it a popular choice for building large-scale applications and software infrastructure.

Vectors

Ways to Initialize a Vector

Initialization Method	C++ Code	Description
Default (Empty)	vector<T> v1;	Creates an empty vector with no elements.
Copy Constructor	vector<T> v2(v1); vector<T> v2 = v1;	Creates a vector v2 that is a copy of another vector v1.
Fill Constructor (Value)	vector<T> v3(n, val);	Creates a vector v3 with n copies of the value val.
Fill Constructor (Default)	vector<T> v4(n);	Creates a vector v4 with n default-initialized elements.
List Initialization	vector<T> v5 {a, b, c...}; vector<T> v5 = {a, b, c...};	Creates a vector v5 initialized with values a, b, c, etc.